Wisdom teeth often become problematic as they try to erupt in the back of the  mouth where there is not enough room. This frequently causes them to become  impacted, only partially breaking through the gums. Impacted wisdom teeth can cause recurrent pain, swelling, infections, and damage to nearby teeth and bone as inflammation occurs from tissue and debris trapped around the partially emerged tooth. This also makes them difficult to clean properly.

The pain from wisdom tooth impaction can range from mild to completely debilitating. Throbbing, aching, or even sharp pains are common as inflammation presses on nerves in the gums and jaw. Without removal, the irritation is likely to persist  and potentially worsen over time. Other complications like cysts around the crown can also develop.

Extraction is usually necessary when wisdom teeth become impacted or cause chronic issues. Removal alleviates pain and swelling, prevents decay in nearby teeth, enables thorough cleaning, and also reduces risk of infections or cysts. Orthodontists typically recommend early extraction around ages 16-22 if  impaction appears likely. Removing wisdom teeth earlier on results in easier recovery than waiting until fully grown in for many patients. Addressing problemsearly can avoid more invasive surgery later.